For large velocities, vortex shedding is suppressed in a layer region behind the cylinder below the free surface. The deep flow looks like single phase turbulent flow past a cylinder, but close to the free-surface, the interaction between the wall, the free-surface and the flow is taking place, leading to a reduced cylinder drag and the appearance of V-shaped surface wave patterns. The three-dimensional large eddy simulations use a conservative level-set method for the air-water interface, thus predicting the pressure, the vorticity, the free-surface elevation and the onset of air entrainment. ![]() The experiments measure the drag and the wake angle on cylinders of different diameters for a range of velocities corresponding to 30,000 < R e < 200,000 and 0.2 < F r < 2 where the Reynolds and Froude numbers are based on the diameter. ![]() ![]() We present the results of a combined experimental and numerical study of the free-surface flow behind a finite height rigid vertical cylinder.
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